Over the weekend, the United States and Israel conducted a coordinated series of missile and drone strikes against Iran, targeting several high-value military installations in an effort to hinder Iran’s nuclear development efforts. These operations resulted in the death of Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, marking a significant escalation and immediately heightening regional tensions. Iran quickly retaliated by launching a broad series of missile attacks directed not only at Israel but also at multiple Gulf states, including Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain. The repercussions were felt across the region. S

With traditional private equity investment exits facing difficulty over the past few years — albeit improving somewhat recently — private equity sponsors have increasingly relied on the use of continuation funds. Once a niche tool, continuation funds have become mainstream and investors should learn to understand how they work, why they exist, and what risks they carry.

What Is a Continuation Fund?

A continuation fund is a new vehicle created by a private equity manager to hold onto one or more portfolio companies beyond the typical ~10 years of an original fund. Rather than selling an asset outright at the end o

Hypothetical Scenario

Let’s develop a scenario to explain the importance of foreign exchange (FX) markets and specifically, the dominance of the U.S. dollar. Say, for example, Thailand, one of the world’s major rice exporters, engages in trade with Brazil, the second‑largest cotton exporter. When these two countries conduct bilateral trade, they typically do not settle transactions directly in Thai baht or Brazilian real. Instead, they frequently convert their home currencies into U.S. dollars, the dominant invoicing and settlement currency in global trade and FX markets. Because the U.S. dollar is one of the most

Every market cycle has its own character, but certain patterns appear frequently enough that they deserve attention. This is especially true when evaluating early-year rallies in small caps. Market history offers several notable examples of small caps surging right at the start of the year, and these bursts of strength have often provided insight into where we stand in the broader cycle.

One example comes from January 1972, during the rise of the “Nifty Fifty”, when small caps rose more than 10% in a single month and finished the first quarter up nearly 19%. Another example occurred in January and February 2000, a per